W.E.B DUBOIS

1.by being sensitive, it will help them see themseves from the perspective of others. it will prevent them from feeling contempt and pity about themselves and rather help them control their self-image in the society.


3. the color line according to Dubois was a huge problem during the 20th century. he explained the meaning of being black in a white man's world. there was a lot of racism during that time. blacks were not free. also the issuse of color caused the civil war.

4.The south is considered a maginal point because of the discriminaion against blacks. Blacks were stimatized and hated upon because of their success. the whites tried to compete with the blacks.

7. Fatalism is when you accept all events that occur as inevitable.

ANDREW CARNEGIE

"There are but three modes in which surplus wealth can be disposed of. It call be left to the families of the decedents; or it can be bequeathed for public purposes; or, finally, it can be administered during their lives by its possessors. Under the first and second modes most of the wealth of the world that has reached the few has hitherto been applied. Let us in turn consider each of these modes. The first is the most injudicious. In monarchical countries, the estates and the greatest portion of the wealth are left to the first son, that the vanity of the parent may be gratified by the thought that his name and title are to descend to succeeding generations unimpaired. The condition of this class in Europe to-day teaches the futility of such hopes or ambitions.The successors have become impoverished through their follies or from the fall in the value of land. Even in Great Britain the strict law of entail has been found inadequate to maintain the status of an hereditary class. Its soil is rapidly passing into the hands of the stranger. Under republican institutions the division of property among the children is much fairer, but the question which forces itself upon thoughtful men in all lands is: Why should men leave great fortunes to their children? If this is done from affection, is it not misguided affection? Observation teaches that, generally speaking, it is not well for the children that they should be so burdened. Neither is it well for the state. Beyond providing for the wife and daughters moderate sources of income, and very moderate allowances indeed, if any, for the sons, men may well hesitate, for it is no longer questionable that great suns bequeathed oftener work more for the injury than for the good of the recipients. Wise men will soon conclude that, for the best interests of the members of their families and of the state, such bequests are an improper use of their means.

It is not suggested that men who have failed to educate their sons to earn a livelihood shall cast them adrift in poverty. If any man has seen fit to rear his sons with a view to their living idle lives, or, what is highly commendable, has instilled in them the sentiment that they are in a position to labor for public ends without reference to pecuniary considerations, then, of course,the duty of the parent is to see that such are provided for ?fl moderation. There are instances of millionaires' sons unspoiled by wealth, who, being rich, still perform great services in the community. Such are the very salt of the earth, as valuable as, unfortunately, they are rare; still it is not the exception, but the rule, that men must regard, and, looking at the usual result of enormous sums conferred upon legatees, the thoughtful man must shortly say, "I would as soon leave to my son a curse as the almighty dollar," and admit to himself that it is not the welfare of the children, but family pride, which inspires these enormous legacies.

As to the second mode, that of leaving wealth at death for public uses, it may be said that this is only a means for the disposal of wealth, provided a man is content to wait until he is dead before it becomes of much good in the world. Knowledge of the results of legacies bequeathed is not calculated to inspire the brightest hopes of much posthumous good being accomplished. The cases are not few in which the real object sought by the testator is not attained, nor are they few in which his real wishes are thwarted. In many cases the bequests are so used as to become only monuments of his folly. It is well to remember that it requires the exercise of not less ability than that which acquired the wealth to use it so as to be really beneficial to the community. Besides this, it may fairly be said that no man is to be extolled for doing what he cannot help doing, nor is he to be thanked by the community to which he only leaves wealth at death. Men who leave vast sums in this way may fairly be thought men who would not have left it at all, had they been able to take it with them. The memories of such cannot be held in grateful remembrance, for there is no grace in their gifts. It is not to be wondered at that such bequests seem so generally to lack the blessing."


We nornally use this expression; "God help those who help themselves". Andrew Carnegie clarified that wealth or money is usually wasted especially when given to people who will not make good use of it. It is good to give alms but if it is going to be mismanaged, then its is not worth it.we must help people who are in need but are also ready to help themsleves. If not we burden ourselves as well as them. He illustrated with an example that men leave huge wealth to their families but will it be managed well? He does not mean that people shouldn't will their properties to their families but rather, they must guide their children whiles they are alive so that when they are gone one day, the children can still profit. He also added that so long as we live, there is the need to help one another because it brings much blessings. We do not have to heap treasures for ourselves only. After all we can not take the wealth along when we die.

I chose this quote because Andrew Carnegie had great ideas on how to dipose wealth. Also, i read about social Darwinism in one of my social work classes and i didn't really agree to the theory that poor people should not be supported with public assistance because they chose to be poor. But after reading Andrew Carnegie's article, i have got a different view on this theory. i think it is best to help people who try to help themselves.

Second Inaugural address 1865

It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces; but let us judge not that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered; that of neither has been answered fully. The Almighty has his own purposes. "Woe unto the world because of offences! for it must needs be that offences come; but woe to that man by whom the offence cometh!" If we shall suppose that American Slavery is one of those offences which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and South, this terrible war, as the woe due to those by whom the offence came, shall we discern therein any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a Living God always ascribe to Him? Fondly do we hope--fervently do we pray--that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue, until all the wealth piled by the bond-man's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash, shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said "the judgments of the Lord, are true and righteous altogether"
With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan--to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.


In his speech, Abraham Lincoln tries to reunite the people. He addresses the concequence of war. that is slavery causes war and war will always bring misunderstanding.
He points out that when there is a conflict between two people, and both are seeking God's help for victory, their prayers can never be answered. there is no need to judge one another. Only God brings judgement to his people when they commit offence. He encouraged them to come together in unity, help one another and this will bring peace amongst them.

I like Abraham Lincoln speeches espicially this particular quote because he was interested in uniting the people which will help the nation move forward.

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

"He who gives himself entirely to his fellow-men appears to them useless and selfish; but he who gives himself partially to them is pronounced a benefactor and philanthropist. How does it become a man to behave toward this American government to-day? I answer, that he cannot without disgrace be associated with it. I cannot for an instant recognize that political organization as my government which is the slave's government also.
All men recognize the right of revolution; that is, the right to refuse allegiance to, and to resist, the government, when its tyranny or its inefficiency are great and unendurable. But almost all say that such is not the case now. But such was the case, they think, in the Revolution of '75. If one were to tell me that this was a bad government because it taxed certain foreign commodities brought to its ports, it is most probable that I should not make an ado about it, for I can do without them. All machines have their friction; and possibly this does enough good to counterbalance the evil. At any rate, it is a great evil to make a stir about it. But when the friction comes to have its machine, and oppression and robbery are organized, I say, let us not have such a machine any longer. In other words, when a sixth of the population of a nation which has undertaken to be the refuge of liberty are slaves, and a whole country is unjustly overrun and conquered by a foreign army, and subjected to military law, I think that it is not too soon for honest men to rebel and revolutionize. What makes this duty the more urgent is the fact that the country so overrun is not our own, but ours is the invading army."


If you do whatever your fellow-men tells you to do without analyzing it, then they will consider you as useless. they can manipulate you anyhow.Thoreou saw goverment laws as slavery. that is,a person does not have the right to his own opinion but to abide with all that is in the law. He argued that men have the right to refuse government laws especially when it does no good to the governed. Thoreau also points out that all government make unwise decisions once in a while which is ok but when all it does is to impose burden on its people, then they must get rid of that particular government.

I find this quote to be very interesting. Thoreau made his argument clear. Government sometimes make decisions that helps only few but affect majority of its people .

ALEXANDER HAMILTON

"Industry besides the bank and funding the debt was the third part of Hamilton's business/government strategy. Industrial production, as opposed to agriculture production, required much larger amounts of financing to start up but once going would produce far larger amounts of wealth (and potential government revenue) than farming ever could. Realizing this Hamilton, in his Report on Manufactures (1791) outlines a strategy for promoting industrial development in America (It is worth pointing out that although Hamilton got most of his ideas turned into government policy, this strategy of industrial growth was not pursued until after the War of 1812). In short, Hamilton proposes--besides all the financial incentives--to put high tariffs on foreign goods. Tariffs generate revenue for the government but even more importantly they raise the price of a product. Raising the prices of foreign goods will create incentives for people to buy goods produced in America. This is necessary because foreign goods produced in Great Britain for example are cheaper since Britain has been producing these goods longer and has had more time to perfect the process of production. Hamilton's argument actually closely follows arguments made today that state that poorer, less economically developed countries cannot support free trade policies (no tariffs) because it would make their own native producers unable to compete with foreign producers. Ironically since the U.S. is now the most advanced and developed country it tends to push free trade policies on other countries knowing that in a free trade environment American goods would be cheaper (of course the U.S. hates when China does the same thing to U.S.)."


By opening Industries Hamilton believes that there would be mass production. Also, production of goods will be more faster, that is they can produce goods in a short period of time with industries than using manual labor. Industries can also expand economic growth because the nation will export most of it's produce to other countries which generate more capital. It will also create jobs for the natives. As Hamilton proposed tarrifs on foreign goods, these monies can be used to develop the country.

I chose this quote because i think Hamilton's idea of industry was good. we see it today, how easy it is for industries to produce goods in larger quantities in a short time.

No state shall engage in any war without the consent of the united states in congress assembled, unless such state be actually invaded by enemies, or shall have received certain advice of a resolution being formed by some nation of Indians to invade such state, and the danger is so imminent as not to admit of a delay till the united states in congress assembled can be consulted: nor shall any state grant commissions to any ships or vessels of war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration of war by the united states in congress assembled, and then only against the kingdom or state and the subjects thereof, against which war has been so declared, and under such regulations as shall be established by the united states in congress assembled, unless such state be infested by pirates, in which case vessels of war may be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so long as the danger shall continue, or until the united states in congress assembled, shall determine otherwise.


I see this part of the constitution as making peace in all the 13 states. By obeying this law, no state will wage war against another or against any other nation. The states were urged to consult congress of any conflicts they may encounter from their adversaries before taking action. However, in instances where they are being threated by their adversaries, or in cases where their enemies attack them first, they can go ahead and defend the state.

ON LIBERTY

"For the other point concerning liberty, I observe a great mistake in the country about that. There is a twofold liberty, natural (I mean as our nature is now corrupt) and civil or federal. The first is common to man with beasts and other creatures. By this, man, as he stands in relation to man simply, hath liberty to do what he lists; it is a liberty to evil as well as to good. This liberty is incompatible and inconsistent with authority and cannot endure the least restraint of the most just authority. The exercise and maintaining of this liberty makes men grow more evil and in time to be worse than brute beasts: omnes sumus licentia deteriores. This is that great enemy of truth and peace, that wild beast, which all of the ordinances of God are bent against, to restrain and subdue it. The other kind of liberty I call civil or federal; it may also be termed moral, in reference to the covenant between God and man, in the moral law, and the politic covenants and constitutions amongst men themselves. This liberty is the proper end and object of authority and cannot subsist without it; and it is a liberty to that only which is good, just, and honest. This liberty you are to stand for, with the hazard (not only of your goods, but) of your lives, if need be. Whatsoever crosseth this is not authority but a distemper thereof. This liberty is maintained and exercised in a way of subjection to authority; it is of the same kind of liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free."

In his speech John Winthrop idetifies two kinds of liberties which are natural and civil. Under natural liberty men do whatever they feel like. They do not consider nor regard the rule or authority over them. people who choose to live this way tend to do bad things. there is too much freedom and this freedom lowers man's dignity.
howver, civil libert makes man live a good life.people under this liberty regard and obey the rules even if they are hard to comply with. by doing this, thier lives becomes better and better.

what i saw in America

Let me begin my American impressions with two impressions I had before i went to America. One was an incident and the other an idea; and when taken togrether they illustrate the atittude I mean. The first principle is that nobody should ashamed of thinking a thing funny because it is foreign; the second is that he should be ashamed of thinking it wrong because it is funny. The reaction of his senses and superficial habits of mind against something new, and to him abnormal, is a perfectly healthy reaction. But the inferiority is very inadequate mind. It is inadequate even in criticising things that may really be inferior to things involveed here. It is far better to laugh than at a negro for having a black face than sneer at him for having a sloping skull. It is proportionaly even more preferably to laugh rather than judge in dealing with highly civilized peoples. Therefore I put at the beginning two working examples of what I felt about America before I saw it; the sort of thing that man a right to enjoy as a joke, and the sort of thing he has a duty to understand and respect, because it is the explanation of the joke.

I totally agree with what the author said. More often, we tend to make fun of things we do not understand and we never border to know the meaning of the thing we laughed at. For instance, so many Languages spoken may sound funny to people who do not speak them. I remember some few months ago, I was having a conversation my cousin on the phone. we were actually speaking my native language. I had my American friend beside me and all of a sudden, she giggled and imitated every word I said whiles i was on the phone. But though the language sounded funny to her, the conversation itselt was not funny at all. I was embarrassed but realised that I do the same to others. so this behavoir is one thing that we cannot do away with. All the same, we need to try and understand the thing that looked or sounded funny to us.

I chose this quote because it happens in our everyday lives but i've never been conscious about it until i saw it been addressed.